A Pioneer in Lymphedema Research

Four years ago, Spencer Gibson took on a formidable challenge at the University of Alberta as the Dianne and Irving Kipnes Endowed Chair in Lymphatic Disorders. Recognizing the lack of research on lymphedema in Canada, he set out to fill this critical gap in the medical community.

Understanding Lymphedema: More Than Just Swelling

Lymphedema is divided into two main types: primary, caused by genetic mutations, and secondary, resulting from damage to the lymphatic system due to external factors like cancer treatment or trauma. Both types cause painful swelling due to fluid buildup, and current treatments—compression garments and lymphatic drainage—offer only temporary relief.

A Personal Connection

Dianne Kipnes, a devoted supporter of the university, had lived with secondary lymphedema until her passing last December. Her family's generous funding has driven Gibson's research efforts, aiming to untangle why some individuals develop lymphedema while others do not, despite similar damage to their lymphatic systems.

Challenging the Status Quo: Diet's Impact on Lymphedema

In his groundbreaking study published in EMBO Molecular Medicine, Gibson investigated the relationship between diet and lymphedema. After collecting blood samples from 70 patients, his team discovered lower levels of beneficial fats in individuals suffering from the condition. Further, a high-fat diet not only exacerbated lymphedema but reversing to a healthy diet significantly improved the symptoms.

The Fat Connection: FABP4's Role

A crucial finding linked a chaperone protein, known as fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), to lymphedema. This protein is found in elevated levels in affected patients compared to healthy individuals. Remarkably, using a chemical inhibitor to decrease FABP4 led to a 50% reduction in lymphedema in animal models.

A Multi-Faceted Approach to Treatment

Gibson's goal now is to intertwine his discoveries to develop effective treatments. He is particularly interested in exploring how a low-saturated-fat diet could optimize FABP4's function to better target healthy fats while also identifying treatments for stressors like cancer therapies and oxidative stress.

Collaborative Efforts Fueling Hope

At the University of Alberta, collaboration is thriving. Gibson is part of the newly established Dianne and Irving Kipnes Health Research Institute, working alongside experts in lipid biology and nutrition to explore comprehensive treatment options, from diet modifications to repurposing existing FDA-approved medications.

A Bright Future for Lymphedema Patients

Gibson remains hopeful about the future of lymphedema research. Once joking about being the only molecular biologist in the field, he now sees an expanding group of trainees and recognizes the influence of patient participation in research. This collaboration fosters a positive cycle of shared experiences, hope, and progress towards effective solutions.