TUCSON, Arizona — A groundbreaking study by researchers from the University of Arizona’s Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health has shed light on the alarming impact that mental health conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety may have on the reproductive health of women firefighters. This research is part of the extensive Fire Fighter Cancer Cohort Study and highlights a significant but often overlooked issue facing those who serve in demanding fire service roles.

Post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety have been shown to correlate with reduced levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a critical biomarker that indicates ovarian reserve — essentially, the number of viable eggs a woman has for potential fertility. The implications of these findings could be profound, revealing how the mental toll inflicted by high-stress environments could hinder women's reproductive capabilities.

“These findings underscore the detrimental effects mental health conditions can have on overall well-being, particularly regarding reproductive health,” stated Michelle Valenti, MPH, the lead author of the study and a doctoral student in epidemiology at Zuckerman College. The study titled “Evaluating the Effect of Depression, Anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels Among Women Firefighters” is now published in the Journal of Women’s Health.

Historically, firefighters are subjected to extreme stress and traumatic incidents — conditions that heighten their risk of developing PTSD far more than the general population. Prior studies indicated that women firefighters tend to have lower AMH levels when compared to their non-firefighting counterparts, yet the root cause of this decline remained elusive until now.

The researchers found that women firefighters diagnosed with PTSD experienced a staggering 66% reduction in AMH levels, while those with anxiety saw a 33% decrease. These striking statistics point towards a potential pathway linking adverse mental health directly to reproductive health consequences, warranting further investigation to explore interventions.

“The significance of these findings is crucial for the health and safety of all firefighters,” emphasized Capt. Caitlin St. Clair of the Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority. “They provide critical evidence that can encourage fire departments to develop programs designed to alleviate stress and enhance the quality of life for our women firefighters.”

As part of the ongoing Women Firefighter Study, which is a segment of the Fire Fighter Cancer Cohort Study, researchers aim to explore stressors, cancer risks, and reproductive health challenges specifically affecting women in the firefighting profession. Valenti acknowledged the essential role of fire service partners who have facilitated compelling research in this area.

Additional contributors to this vital research included respected faculty members and researchers from the Zuckerman College, including Jeff Burgess, MD, as senior author. This study received funding from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which further underscores the gravity of addressing mental health and reproductive health challenges within the fire service community.

As firefighting remains one of the most difficult and dangerous professions, comprehending the dual burden of physical and mental health risks faced by these brave women is essential. The call for change is urgent — ensuring fire departments prioritize mental wellness could be a crucial step not only in enhancing the well-being of their personnel but also in safeguarding the reproductive health of the women who dedicate their lives to protecting others.

Is your fire department doing enough to support the mental health of female firefighters? Share your thoughts in the comments!