CROI 2025 has unveiled groundbreaking findings in the fight against HIV.

Here are the top five stories that could change the landscape of HIV treatment and prevention forever!

1. Lenacapavir: A Game Changer for HIV PrEP?

A cutting-edge study led by Dr. Moupali Das revealed promising results for a once-yearly injectable formulation of lenacapavir for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This Phase 1 study found that both formulations maintained effective levels of lenacapavir above the therapeutic threshold for over 56 weeks. Comparisons demonstrated that the once-yearly doses achieved significantly higher plasma concentrations than the standard twice-yearly version, suggesting they could provide enhanced efficacy in HIV prevention. Moreover, the formulations were well tolerated, with injection site pain being the most common side effect. This could mark a significant leap forward in increasing adherence to PrEP.

2. Bictegravir Shows Superiority Over Darunavir in Advanced HIV

In an exciting presentation, Dr. Georg Behrens discussed the LAPTOP trial that compared bictegravir (BIC) and darunavir (DRV) among treatment-naïve individuals with advanced HIV disease. The findings revealed that the BIC regimen outperformed DRV in achieving viral suppression and immune recovery. Participants receiving BIC demonstrated a higher percentage of HIV RNA levels below 50 copies/mL and faster CD4 recovery. These results highlight bictegravir's potential as a more effective option, paving the way for future research into long-term outcomes across diverse patient demographics.

3. IMC-M113V Trial Shows Promise in Viral Control

Immunocore’s Phase 1/2 STRIVE trial results for IMC-M113V, a T-cell receptor bispecific therapy targeting HIV, brought hope for many living with the virus. In a group of 16 participants stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART), researchers observed dose-dependent viral control following ART interruption, with some participants even showing delayed viral rebound. This innovative approach succeeded in reducing the viral reservoir and demonstrated resilience against the toxic effects of the virus. Despite mild side effects, the findings support further studies towards achieving a functional cure for HIV.

4. Fresh Study Explores HIV Remission Tactics in South Africa

The FRESH study, led by Dr. Thumbi Ndung'u, investigated a novel approach to HIV remission using a combination of broadly neutralizing antibodies and a TLR7 agonist among South African women. While not everyone in the study achieved full virological control, significant results included a number of participants remaining off ART for extended periods, pointing to a substantial breakthrough in HIV treatment strategies aimed at women—a demographic often sidelined in research. This study emphasizes the urgent need for innovative HIV research tailored to the unique challenges faced by women in resource-limited settings.

5. Combatting Immune Dysfunction in HIV through Innovative Studies

Recently, an investigation into the role of soluble gp120 (sgp120) in immune dysfunction presented by Mehdi Benlarbi revealed critical insights. Despite achieving undetectable viral loads, the persistence of sgp120 contributes to chronic inflammation, complicating immune response and recovery. The RESTART study aims to explore whether fostemsavir can mitigate sgp120’s toxic effects, potentially leading to significantly improved immune recovery. This exploration could be key in reducing cardiovascular risks among people living with HIV, transforming the standard of care.

As these developments continue to evolve, they showcase the relentless pursuit of advancements in HIV prevention, treatment, and potential remission. Keep your eyes peeled for updates that might redefine the future of HIV care!