Science

Ancient Snake Discovery Challenges Evolutionary Understanding

2025-06-04

Author: Ming

A Rare Find: Near-Complete Snake Skeletons

Paleontologists have struck gold with an astonishing discovery in western Wyoming: not one, but four remarkably intact snake fossils. Unlike typical fossil finds, which often consist of scattered vertebrae and bits of ribs, these skeletons are nearly complete, offering an unprecedented glimpse into the lives of ancient snakes.

34 Million Years in the Making

The fossils date back approximately 38 million years to the early Oligocene period, a time characterized by cooler climates sweeping across North America. The snakes were preserved in a delicate layer of mudstone, suggesting they perished in close proximity, likely within hours of each other.

Meet the New Species: Hibernophis breithaupti

Initially linked to known genera, further analysis revealed distinct features in jaw shape, tooth arrangement, and vertebral structure that warranted the creation of a new genus: Hibernophis breithaupti. This new species comprises small, burrowing snakes, with the largest specimen measuring twice the size of its companions—an extraordinary find that provides a rare opportunity to study juvenile and adult stages side by side.

Unveiling Family Ties

Researchers, including Michael Caldwell from the University of Alberta, used both anatomical data and DNA sequencing to explore the evolutionary lineage of Hibernophis. Their findings suggest that this newfound genus is closely related to today’s boa constrictors, hinting that early boa-like snakes likely originated as smaller creatures before some evolved into the giants we recognize now.

Social Behavior: A Surprising Twist

The fossils reveal more than just anatomy; they depict intriguing social behavior. The four snakes appear to have been curled together in what’s known as a hibernaculum—evidence that communal hibernation existed millions of years ago. Caldwell pointed out the rarity of this behavior among modern reptiles, suggesting that early snakes may have shared their burrows much like contemporary garter snakes.

Nature's Preservation: A Geologist's Dream

The pristine condition of these fossils can be attributed to volcanic ash that blanketed their underground hideaway, creating an airtight seal that slowed decay. Repeated layers of ash and mud eventually entrenched the skeletons within the White River Formation, a treasure trove of fossils in the Great Plains.

Implications for Snake Evolution

This remarkable discovery not only fills a significant gap in the snake family tree but may compel museums to reevaluate existing collections based on these new insights. As researchers delve deeper into the evolutionary implications of Hibernophis, the ancient world of snakes is becoming clearer than ever.

Published Findings

The full study has been published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, shedding light on a fascinating chapter of reptilian history that challenges previous assumptions about snake evolution.