Get ready to rethink everything you know about evolution! In his groundbreaking book, "Everything Evolves," ecologist Mark Vellend proposes a thought-provoking thesis: to understand our world, we only need physics and evolution.

Vellend argues that evolution isn't just about biological changes; it extends into every aspect of our lives, from technology and culture to economics and politics. Drawing on diverse examples, he posits that the world is shaped by a twofold framework: the unchanging laws of physics and the historical contingencies of evolution.

He distinguishes between 'first science'—the laws of physics—and 'second science'—the unpredictable paths of evolution. Under first science, we find inescapable elements like the periodic table of elements, while second science includes unpredictable entities like vice presidents and dung beetles.

Vellend's insights don't stop there. He emphasizes the necessity of teaching children about evolutionary processes to help them understand not just biology, but the very fabric of the cultures and economies they navigate.

Beyond Darwin: A Complex Evolutionary Perspective

While many associate evolution with Darwin’s theory of natural selection, Vellend encourages us to look beyond a singular, simplistic interpretation. For instance, he explores the concept of ‘fitness’ in evolution and how it varies based on circumstances. In a captivating analogy, he illustrates that baby names considered 'fit' might be more desirable when they are rare rather than common.

He argues that societies and products evolve through more than just random chance. While trial and error play a significant role, elements of planning and purpose are also key in shaping evolution—from the design of smartphones to the structures of corporations.

The Dilemma of Predictability in Evolution

However, Vellend acknowledges the complexities of distinguishing between deterministic laws and evolutionary randomness. He brings forth the intriguing question: can we truly separate the predictable nature of physical laws from the inherently chaotic evolution of organisms?

His exploration dives into quantum mechanics, suggesting that even at the fundamental level, chance plays a pivotal role in shaping our universe. This raises the possibility of unpredictability in both biological and social evolution.

Reimagining Academic Curricula

Vellend advocates for a radical restructuring of academic curricula into the 'first' and 'second sciences.' This idea, while debatable, sheds light on the limitations of physics in explaining everything, thus challenging readers to contemplate the multi-faceted nature of the world around them.

"Everything Evolves" is not just a book—it’s an invitation to reconsider the very frameworks through which we understand life, society, and evolution itself. With a price tag of £25, published by Princeton, you won’t want to miss out on this essential read that promises to reshape your perspective.