A Surge of Measles Cases Catches Attention

Measles is making headlines once again, with a shocking increase in reported cases across the United States. From December 22, 2024, to March 20, 2025, the number of cases skyrocketed from just 1 to a staggering 378. This alarming rise surpasses last year's totals by more than threefold, highlighting a serious public health concern. Tragically, during the first week of March, two unvaccinated individuals—a child and an adult—lost their lives to the disease, marking the first measles deaths since 2015.

Understanding Measles Symptoms and Risks

Infected individuals often mistake measles for a common cold or flu initially, as symptoms start with a runny nose, cough, sore eyes, and fever. After a couple of days, small white Koplik spots appear in the mouth, followed by a distinct red rash that starts at the face and spreads. Alongside mild symptoms, severe complications can arise, such as pneumonia and encephalitis, particularly in unvaccinated populations, which often lead to hospitalization.

The High Contagiousness of Measles

Measles is incredibly contagious—about 90% of those without immunity will catch it if exposed. The virus can linger in the air for up to two hours after an infected person has left the area, making it a significant threat to unvaccinated communities. Incredibly, individuals can spread the virus four days before and four days after the rash appears, often before they even realize they are infected.

Who Needs Vaccinated?

The CDC strongly advises that all children receive two doses of the measles vaccine: the first between 12 and 15 months, followed by a second at 4 to 6 years. Adults who were never vaccinated as children only require one dose, while those at risk—like healthcare workers, college students, and international travelers—should receive two doses 28 days apart. However, certain individuals, such as pregnant women and those with weakened immune systems, should avoid the vaccine.

Proving Immunity and Adjusted Recommendations

Those previously diagnosed with measles are immune and generally do not need the vaccine. Laboratory tests can determine immunity levels. Additionally, individuals born before 1957 are typically regarded as immune due to potential past exposure, though those working in healthcare should still consider vaccination to protect against outbreaks.

Adjustments During Outbreaks

In the event of an outbreak, health departments may recommend vaccination for children as young as 6 months. Infants should still complete the standard two-dose series post outbreak. Furthermore, individuals who received only one vaccine dose may be encouraged to get an additional dose.

The Importance of Vaccination Amid Misinformation

Current misinformation around measles is rampant, and pharmacists need to step up as frontline health providers. As trusted figures in the community, they play a critical role in educating patients and dispelling myths about measles and vaccinations. Addressing common questions and focusing on the importance of vaccination can significantly boost community immunity.

Vitamin A: A Misconception

It’s essential to clarify that while vitamin A cannot prevent or treat measles, it is important for children with measles who require hospitalization. They often have low vitamin A levels, which leads to higher risks of severe complications.

Conclusion: Vaccination is Key

As the U.S. grapples with rising measles cases, vaccination stands out as the most effective preventative measure. Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to enhance vaccination efforts and protect the health of their communities during this crisis.