World

Vietnam's Bold Move: Joining BRICS and the Geopolitical Gamble

2025-06-17

Author: Siti

Vietnam Joins BRICS: A Strategic Leap

On June 13, 2025, Vietnam officially joined BRICS as a 'partner country', signaling a bold shift in its foreign policy. This decision isn't just a random choice; it's a calculated maneuver developed over years aimed at diversifying international relations and strengthening Vietnam's foothold in a multipolar world.

Aligning with a Global Powerhouse

By becoming part of BRICS—an influential bloc that includes Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—Vietnam is clearly trying to lessen its reliance on certain nations while deftly maneuvering through a complex global landscape.

Balancing Relations Amidst Tensions

Vietnam's ties with the United States, which were elevated to a comprehensive strategic partnership in September 2023, have faced recent strain following President Donald Trump's re-election. Tariff barriers and scrutiny over trade practices have put Hanoi in a challenging position, especially concerning its role as a potential conduit for Chinese goods entering the U.S.

Opportunities and Risks of BRICS Membership

Joining BRICS opens up a realm of opportunities; it could enhance Vietnam's access to vital economic resources, particularly from China, a dominant player in the bloc. Recent deals, including a significant financing agreement for a high-speed railway connecting Vietnam to China, underscore Hanoi's reliance on Beijing's loans and technical expertise.

These initiatives are crucial for modernizing Vietnam's economy, which still heavily relies on foreign investment. Additionally, BRICS membership provides a platform for Vietnam to advocate for a fairer global economic order, echoing calls for reform in international institutions.

Strained U.S. Relations and the Risk of Sanctions

However, this affiliation could exacerbate tensions with the U.S. under the Trump administration, which targets China's growing influence. The U.S. has voiced concerns that Vietnam functions as a transit hub for Chinese products rebranded to bypass tariffs. If Vietnam neglects these concerns, it could face severe sanctions that jeopardize its export-driven economy, heavily reliant on U.S. markets.

Navigating Trade Transparency and Domestic Challenges

To avert this fallout, Vietnam is ramping up efforts to improve trade transparency. Nationwide crackdowns on goods lacking proper origins reflect Hanoi's commitment to international compliance. Still, despite diplomatic gestures, including facilitating projects involving the Trump Organization, the core issues surrounding Vietnam's trade practices may remain unresolved.

Strategic Caution in Foreign Policy

Vietnam's current status as a partner rather than a full member of BRICS highlights its careful approach to foreign relations—reminiscent of its 'bamboo diplomacy'. This strategy allows Vietnam to engage with the bloc without fully aligning with its geopolitical agenda, heavily influenced by China and Russia.

Facing Global Challenges and Internal Reform Needs

Despite the advantages of joining BRICS, Vietnam must confront several challenges, including ongoing disputes with China over maritime rights in the South China Sea. The alignment with a China-Russia-led coalition raises questions about Vietnam's ability to uphold its foreign policy aspirations for independence and diplomatic diversification.

A Pivotal Moment for Vietnam's Future

Vietnam's entry into BRICS represents both an opportunity to broaden its diplomatic horizons and a significant test of its strategy in a multifaceted global arena. To leverage this partnership effectively, Hanoi must tackle internal governance issues, clarify its trade practices, and find a balance in U.S.-China tensions. Without decisive action and foresight, Vietnam risks becoming ensnared in a geopolitical tug-of-war that could compromise its aspirations for autonomy and influence.