Beneath the ocean's surface lies a hidden world of internal waves, unseen ripples that are crucial for oceanic circulation and climate stability. These waves, which flow between layers of warm and cold water, are essential for bringing nutrient-rich water from the depths, making them a pivotal part of our planet’s ecosystem.

In a groundbreaking study published in *Nature Communications*, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's Math Professor Yuri V. Lvov and a team of oceanographers have devised an innovative model that promises to enhance our understanding of these internal waves and their role in climate forecasting.

"Internal, wave-driven, vertical mixing is a key mechanism in ocean circulation," Lvov explains. This mixing influences everything from rising sea levels to nutrient flow and the absorption of man-made heat and carbon, shaping the very fabric of Earth's climate.

Using a unique approach grounded in wave-wave interaction theory, the researchers explored how these internal waves exchange energy, providing vital insight into their dynamics.

"The challenge has always been to create a theory that is both accurate and robust, given the ocean’s vastness and the small scales of these interactions,” Lvov said. Traditional global models often miss these nuances.

By applying a first-principles method, the team analyzed the physics behind turbulent mixing without relying on complex numerical simulations. They uncovered how local interactions are key players in energy transfers, challenging previous assumptions.

"Our findings align closely with observational data, affirming that we have effectively captured the dynamics of wave interactions and their role in turbulent mixing," Lvov noted. He emphasized that their new model offers a scientifically grounded alternative to the existing empirical methods used in ocean circulation.

Peter R. Kramer, Ph.D., a leader in RPI's Department of Mathematical Sciences, praised the publication as a significant step forward in integrating mathematical analysis with physical models, enhancing our capability to predict climate outcomes.

For Lvov, who has dedicated his research to internal waves since 1999, this paper signifies a major milestone. He expressed gratitude for the vital contributions of his team, particularly lead author Giovanni Dematteis, who was instrumental in the research and writing process.

With this new model, the scientific community is set to gain a deeper understanding of ocean dynamics, potentially revolutionizing the way we predict and respond to climate change.