Since its emergence in North America in late 2021, bird flu has wreaked havoc on poultry and dairy farms, driving egg prices to staggering heights. But what about its impact on wild birds? Recent figures reveal that over 170 species of North American wild birds—including ducks, geese, gulls, owls, and eagles—have contracted this deadly virus.

As we navigate this troubling outbreak, experts are advising caution when encountering sick or deceased birds. However, don’t rush to take down your bird feeder! Scientists affirm that the risk of bird flu spreading to humans remains extremely low, so there’s no immediate need to panic.

Which Birds Are at Risk?

According to the U.S. Agriculture Department, more than 12,000 individual birds have tested positive for bird flu, though this number is likely an underestimation, as many deceased birds go untested. Bryan Richards from the U.S. Geological Survey notes that dabbling ducks, like mallards and blue-winged teal, can harbor the virus with minimal symptoms, posing a risk as they can shed the virus through their waste and saliva, endangering other birds or mammals.

Winged species that congregate in large groups, like geese, face the most significant mortality risks. A devastating outbreak among migratory eared grebes in Utah recently claimed between 15,000 to 25,000 birds. Seabirds, known for their large roosting numbers, are similarly affected.

Are Backyard Birds Safe?

Even the most familiar backyard visitors—songbirds such as Northern cardinals, blue jays, and chickadees—are not entirely immune to the virus. However, these species tend to experience lower mortality rates as they don’t flock in large groups conducive to rapid virus transmission.

Recognizing Symptoms of Bird Flu

Infected wild birds may display symptoms like lack of coordination, inability to fly, and respiratory issues. If you observe a bird behaving oddly, immediate action is recommended: contact a local wildlife rehabilitator and avoid direct contact, as handling sick birds can pose health risks. Should handling be necessary, it’s imperative to wear gloves and a mask for safety.

Is It Safe to Maintain Backyard Feeders?

Experts largely agree that bird feeders are safe and do not significantly contribute to the spread of bird flu. However, for those who keep backyard chickens, it is prudent to remove feeders to minimize the risk of transmission between wild birds and poultry. Regular cleaning of bird feeders and nesting boxes is also advised.

While the threat of bird flu transmission to humans through bird feeders is “very, very low,” precautions are always smart.

Impact on Endangered Bird Species

Some species face unique challenges. For critically endangered California condors, vaccination programs have been initiated following infections. Unfortunately, this approach is not feasible for the majority of wild birds. Protecting their habitats and minimizing risks from pesticides and lead ammunition are recommended instead.

Bald eagles, though once endangered, have suffered notable losses as scavengers consuming infected carcasses. In the virus's first year in North America, many eagle chicks failed to survive. Thankfully, confirmed infections in eagles have drastically decreased from 427 in 2022 to just 48 last year, suggesting that surviving birds may have developed some immunity. This past migration season saw a record number of bald eagles traversing northern Minnesota, raising hopes for their recovery.

A Glimmer of Hope Amidst the Crisis

Encouragingly, there are signs that the bald eagle population is rebounding in certain areas, despite the toll exacted by bird flu. As we remain vigilant against this outbreak, the resilience of these avian species offers a beacon of hope.

Stay informed and ensure your backyard birding practices don’t inadvertently contribute to the spread of this virus—your feathered friends depend on it.