Materials sent into low Earth orbit (LEO) are constantly challenged by intense radiation, atomic oxygen erosion, and drastic temperature shifts that can jeopardize their durability and functionality.

With the future of long-term space exploration and off-Earth settlements hanging in the balance, scientists are on a quest for lightweight, multifunctional materials that can resist these extreme conditions.

In a groundbreaking study, researchers have examined the structural integrity and radiation-blocking capabilities of polylactic acid (PLA) and its innovative biocomposites—specifically those infused with fungal melanin, as well as synthetic and animal-derived melanin.

These materials were strategically deployed on the Materials International Space Station Experiment-Flight Facility platform for about six months, facing the celestial expanse in both zenith and wake orientations.

Post-experiment analyses revealed striking differences in how these materials performed compared to Earth samples, based on their composition and orientation. Remarkably, the incorporation of fungal melanin not only minimized mass loss but also reduced the formation of surface wrinkles, showcasing its impressive protective qualities against the degradation of PLA during LEO exposure.

Additionally, the biocomposites demonstrated significant shielding capabilities, effectively safeguarding an underlying polyvinyl chloride layer from potential damage.

These critical findings underscore the promising performance of PLA in space settings and position fungal melanin as an essential bio-enhancer for increasing PLA's resilience. This research paves the way for creating sustainable materials that could support future missions beyond our planet.