Unlocking the Power of Real-Time Sequencing to Combat Outbreaks

In a groundbreaking study published in *Clinical Infectious Diseases*, researchers have revealed that real-time genome sequencing (WGS) could be essential in swiftly identifying and preventing outbreaks of healthcare-associated bacterial infections. Conducted at an affiliate of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), the study emphasizes the untapped potential of WGS in hospitals—transforming it from a reactive tool to a proactive lifesaver.

A Game-Changer: The Enhanced Detection System for Healthcare-Associated Transmission

Led by Dr. Alex Sundermann, the study explored the Enhanced Detection System for Healthcare-Associated Transmission (EDS-HAT) rolled out in November 2021. Unlike traditional reactive approaches, which only kick in after an infection surge, EDS-HAT employs weekly sequencing of patient samples—allowing for immediate detection and intervention. According to Sundermann, this proactive strategy offers a stark contrast to the uncertainties of waiting for an outbreak to be confirmed after infections spike.

Traditional practices often miss subtle outbreaks, and many suspected cases turn out to be benign. The team found that real-time genomic surveillance uncovered transmission routes previously overlooked, making EDS-HAT a critical asset in safeguarding patient health.

Immediate Interventions Yield Impressive Results

As part of this proactive approach, the team rapidly acted upon targeted alerts generated from sequencing. When two or more patients exhibited similar bacterial isolates, the Infection Prevention and Control (IP&C) team sprang into action—implementing educational initiatives, elevated cleaning protocols, and compliance checks on hygiene practices. This relentless vigilance led to an astounding 95% success rate in halting identified outbreaks.

Between November 2021 and October 2023, the team analyzed 3,921 patient isolates, uncovering 172 outbreaks—ranging from two to sixteen patients each. Remarkably, interventions led to a striking prevention of 62 outbreaks and five lives saved within just two years, also achieving estimated savings of $700,000 in costs.

Spurring Change Across Healthcare Systems

This study underscores the critical need for other health systems to adopt similar prospective WGS technology. Sundermann envisions a national genomic surveillance framework akin to the CDC's PulseNet, which has effectively curtailed multistate foodborne illness outbreaks. While obstacles like cost and infrastructure exist—especially for smaller hospitals—the compelling evidence from UPMC may inspire widespread adoption.

"It's time to transition this research tool into a practical clinical application," Sundermann stated, emphasizing the dual benefits of lives saved and enhanced cost-efficiency. In an age where hospital outbreaks pose serious risks, the shift to real-time sequencing could mark a new era in infection control.

The Future Looks Bright for Patient Safety

With the threat of healthcare-associated infections looming large, these findings are a beacon of hope. As hospitals weigh the implementation of real-time sequencing, the possibilities for improved patient outcomes and safety become increasingly tangible, positioning genomic surveillance as a cornerstone of modern healthcare practices.