The Critical Research Question

Can simple, tactile visual tools like the B-OK bottles enhance the knowledge and adherence intentions toward anti-HIV medication for those living with HIV in Philadelphia?

Eye-Opening Findings

The results spoke volumes—clients demonstrated a marked increase in their understanding of essential concepts like “viral suppression” and the powerful mantra “Undetectable = Untransmittable.” This increased awareness could be a game-changer in motivating adherence to medication. Furthermore, the participants’ attitudes shifted positively, with many moving away from the narrative that living with HIV inevitably leads to death. The intention to engage in actions that prevent virus transmission also saw significant improvement.

The Broader Implications

The B-OK initiative sends a powerful message: individuals living with HIV can "be OK" through diligent medication adherence. The bottles themselves are cost-effective and can seamlessly fit into case managers' dialogues with clients, including those who may face language barriers. B-OK helps reshape mental models, enhancing understanding of how antiretroviral therapy halts HIV progression and curbs transmission.

Study Overview

The study involved a diverse group of 118 clients from four case management agencies in Philadelphia, predominantly English and Spanish speakers. The median age was 55, with a considerable representation of males and non-Hispanic Black individuals. Although 99% were receiving antiretroviral therapy, 33% reported issues with adherence in the past 30 years. From March to April 2023, participants engaged in pre-and post-B-OK surveys, with many also sharing insights during in-depth interviews. This impactful research was supported by a grant from the Penn Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), an NIH-funded initiative.