Planning a tropical vacation? It may be time to rethink your travel checklist!

Experts are raising alarms about the Oropouche virus, a tropical disease now reported among U.S. travelers, particularly those returning from regions like Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, and Peru.

What is the Oropouche Virus?

Also known as “sloth fever,” the Oropouche virus primarily spreads through bites from midges (tiny biting flies) and certain mosquitoes. First identified in 1955, it has historically caused about 500,000 infections, mostly concentrated in the Amazon Basin. However, new instances have cropped up in locations throughout South America and the Caribbean, indicating the virus’s expanding footprint.

As of March 11, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed 109 cases of the Oropouche virus among U.S. travelers, with most infections reported in Florida. Alarmingly, 103 of these cases occurred during the initial months of 2024.

Symptoms to Be Aware Of

If you've been bitten by an infected insect, symptoms can manifest anywhere from three to ten days later. Initial signs may include:

- High fever

- Severe headaches (often similar to other tropical diseases)

- Muscle aches and joint pain

- Nausea, vomiting, and light sensitivity

- Dizziness and a rash

While symptoms typically resolve in under a week, some individuals may experience a resurgence of symptoms later. In rare situations, Oropouche can lead to severe complications, including brain swelling and Guillain-Barré syndrome, which may result in muscle weakness and paralysis.

Pregnancy Complications

The Oropouche virus presents significant risks to pregnant travelers, capable of being transmitted to the fetus. This can lead to grave outcomes, such as stillbirths or birth defects like microcephaly, a condition characterized by incomplete brain development. Consequently, the CDC strongly urges pregnant women to reconsider traveling to areas recently affected by Oropouche outbreaks.

Current Treatment Options

Currently, no specific vaccine or antiviral medication exists for the Oropouche virus. The CDC recommends symptomatic care: getting ample rest, staying hydrated, and using over-the-counter pain relievers—though aspirin should be avoided due to its association with increased bleeding risks. Severe cases may necessitate additional medical attention or hospitalization.

Safety Precautions You Can Take

To reduce the risk of catching the Oropouche virus, it’s essential to limit exposure to mosquito and midge bites. Here’s how:

- Wear loose, long-sleeved clothing.

- Ensure your accommodations are mosquito-proof with screens and fans.

- Don’t forget to use insect repellent.

Notably, a recent investigation detected traces of the Oropouche virus in the semen of an infected person. Although no sexual transmission has been confirmed, it’s wise to consider using condoms or abstaining from sexual activity during travel and for six weeks post-return.

Is the Oropouche Virus a Growing Concern in the U.S.?

While cases among American travelers are concerning, the likelihood of widespread Oropouche virus transmission within the continental U.S. remains relatively low. Different climates and mosquito species here, coupled with air conditioning, reduce the chances of the virus establishing itself. Nonetheless, localized outbreaks could still occur.

As you plan your next getaway, take these emerging health threats seriously. Stay informed and prioritize safety to ensure your travels remain enjoyable and healthy!