In recent years, colon cancer has emerged as a growing concern among young adults, with startling statistics revealing that 20% of colorectal cancer cases in 2019 were diagnosed in individuals under the age of 55, a significant increase from just 11% in 1995. While overall cancer diagnoses among older populations are on the decline, younger individuals are often diagnosed at more advanced stages, making effective treatments more challenging. In fact, experts project around 53,000 deaths from colon cancer in the U.S. this year alone.

As awareness increases, it’s critical for young adults to recognize the six common symptoms that could be indicative of colon cancer. If you notice any of these signs, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional promptly.

1. Rectal Bleeding

One of the red flags for colorectal cancer is rectal bleeding. Research indicates that nearly half of younger patients report seeing blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl. Dr. Andrea Cercek, a gastrointestinal oncologist, highlights that tumors often develop in the lower portions of the colon or rectum, resulting in bright red blood due to its shorter travel distance. However, other conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and hemorrhoids can also cause similar symptoms, so it's crucial to seek medical advice.

2. Changes in Bowel Habits

Changes in bowel habits are another significant warning sign. As explained by Dr. Tiago Biachi, tumors in the colon can disrupt normal bowel function, leading to symptoms like constipation, diarrhea, or a feeling of incomplete evacuation. Notably, very thin stools can be an alarming sign, indicating a potential blockage or a narrowing of the colon.

3. Abdominal Pain or Cramping

Persistent abdominal pain or cramping that is new or markedly different from what you have experienced before should not be ignored. This symptom can easily be confused with other common issues like menstrual pain or digestive disturbances, but if it persists, it’s time to visit your physician. Dr. Sonia Kupfer advises that any unfamiliar abdominal discomfort warrants further investigation.

4. Unexplained Weight Loss

Sudden weight loss without trying—specifically, losing 10 pounds or about 5% of your body weight in six months—could be a reason for concern. Colorectal tumors may release hormones that suppress appetite or cause gastrointestinal distress, leading to significant weight changes. While weight loss can occur due to several conditions, it's important to consult a healthcare provider if this happens alongside other symptoms.

5. Anemia

Chronic bleeding from colorectal tumors can result in anemia, a condition where the body lacks sufficient healthy red blood cells. Symptoms of anemia may include fatigue, cold extremities, and cognitive difficulties. Young women often attribute anemia to heavy menstrual cycles, but if experienced alongside other symptoms, it could indicate a more serious underlying issue.

6. Extreme Fatigue

Extreme fatigue is often reported by young adults prior to a colon cancer diagnosis. Approximately 8% of patients describe intense exhaustion, potentially linked to hormones produced by tumors that affect both appetite and energy levels. Misdiagnoses are common in these cases, often mistaken as fatigue from other conditions.

Early detection is key in combatting colon cancer, and while screenings generally begin at age 45, those with symptoms or a family history may be advised to start earlier. Dr. Michael Cecchini emphasizes the importance of recognizing these symptoms and undergoing screenings, as diagnosing cancer at early stages significantly improves the chances of successful treatment and cure.

Don't dismiss these warning signs. If you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms, act swiftly. Early intervention can be life-saving, and together, we can fight against this rising trend of colon cancer in younger populations.