Introduction

The newly identified COVID-19 variant XEC is raising concerns due to its heightened transmissibility, although experts suggest that its side effects may not be as severe as those caused by earlier strains.

Overview of the XEC Variant

Recently classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), XEC is a recombinant variant formed from two Omicron sub-strains, KS.1.1 and KP.3.3. These sub-strains have become the dominant COVID-19 variants in the U.S. since late December 2022. XEC first emerged in Berlin in late June of this year, rapidly spreading to multiple countries, including Germany, France, Denmark, and the Netherlands, with reports of hundreds of cases.

In the United States, XEC has been detected in at least 25 states; however, experts caution that the actual number of cases could be higher as genetic testing is not performed on every positive COVID-19 result. Joëlla W. Adams, an epidemiologist with RTI International, indicated that trends in Europe often serve as indicators of potential developments in the U.S. “As we approach the flu season, the overlapping of COVID-19 with other respiratory viruses complicates the situation,” added Adams.

Understanding the XEC Variant

The hybrid XEC variant is notable for its recombinant nature, drawing features from the KS.1.1 and KP.3.3 strains, both part of the Omicron lineage. The rapid spread of XEC across Europe, North America, and Asia has healthcare professionals on alert, as these variants have consistently showcased increased transmissibility.

Is XEC More Contagious?

While there is no evidence to suggest that XEC will lead to more severe illness, its potential to become a dominant strain is worrisome. Vaccines and booster shots currently in circulation are expected to provide considerable protection against XEC, given its relationship to the existing Omicron strains. “Though the vaccines were developed before XEC's emergence, the similarities between these strains mean that the vaccines could still be effective,” affirmed Adams.

As with other viral infections, the risk of COVID-19 transmission is expected to climb in the fall and winter months when people are indoors more often, such as in schools and during holiday gatherings.

How Can We Protect Ourselves from XEC?

The CDC is closely monitoring the evolution of COVID-19 variants. A spokesperson from the agency, Rosa Norman, stated, “We believe that our current COVID-19 treatments and vaccines will remain effective against all circulating variants.” The CDC recommends that everyone aged six months and older receive an updated 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine to bolster their defenses against the virus. They also encourage individuals to stay updated via the CDC COVID Data Tracker.

Current Dominant Strain in the U.S.

As of now, the KP.3.1.1 variant is the most prevalent COVID-19 strain in the U.S., accounting for over 52% of all positive infections, according to recent data from the CDC. This variant has eclipsed others, significantly impacting the trajectory of this ongoing pandemic.

XEC Variant Symptoms

Currently, there are no specific symptoms associated with the XEC variant that differentiate it from other COVID-19 strains. The CDC continues to outline a range of symptoms, which may manifest from mild to severe as early as two days to as long as two weeks after exposure. Common symptoms include:

- Fever or chills - Cough - Shortness of breath - Fatigue - Muscle aches - Headache - Loss of taste or smell - Sore throat - Congestion/runny nose - Nausea or vomiting - Diarrhea

Seek medical attention immediately if you experience severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain, new confusion, or bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, or nails.

Conclusion

As we navigate the landscape of COVID-19's many variants, staying informed and vigilant about vaccination and health protocols is crucial. The emergence of the XEC variant underscores the importance of continued public health efforts and personal responsibility to reduce transmission and protect our communities.