Overview of EV-D68

A recent study of wastewater samples from various locations in the United States has revealed a concerning spike in the presence of an enterovirus variant known as EV-D68, which is increasingly linked to polio-like symptoms in children.

Expert Insights

Dr. Alexandria Boehm, the program director for WastewaterScan at Stanford University, reported to NBC News that the detection of EV-D68 nucleic acids in wastewater is on the rise nationwide. This variant is not only prevalent but also poses significant health risks, particularly for infants, children, and teenagers—especially those with pre-existing conditions like asthma.

Health Risks of EV-D68

EV-D68 can lead to acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), a rare but critical neurological condition characterized by sudden muscle weakness, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, and in severe cases, paralysis. AFM often presents with cold-like symptoms before escalating to more serious complications within a week. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment or cure for AFM; the only option currently available is intensive physical therapy, which may not fully restore function.

Symptoms and Monitoring

While the conditions caused by EV-D68 are usually mild—manifesting as a runny nose, sneezing, and body aches—there is a grim side to outbreaks. Since monitoring began in 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has observed distinct “waves” of AFM, which peak every two years. Notably, cases surged in 2016 and 2018, while the last surge in 2020 was disrupted by COVID-19 lockdowns.

Recent Trends

As restrictions lifted in 2022, an uptick in EV-D68 cases was noted; however, it was surprising that this did not correspond to an increase in AFM cases as expected. Dr. Kevin Messacar, an infectious disease specialist at Children’s Hospital Colorado, indicated this anomaly, noting there was a disconnect between the rise in EV-D68 and the feared spike in AFM.

Current Statistics

This year, the CDC has confirmed 13 AFM cases to date. Experts speculate that the virus may have evolved or mutated in ways that affect its transmission and impact. Currently, there is no vaccine for EV-D68, making prevention efforts critical.

Prevention Strategies

Health officials advise thorough hand washing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, regularly disinfecting surfaces, and effectively managing asthma.

Research and Future Options

In a promising development, Dr. Buddy Creech from Vanderbilt University Medical Center is researching a monoclonal antibody that could potentially stop EV-D68 before it leads to AFM. His preliminary studies in mice showed that this antibody could prevent infection, though it may be several years before such a treatment becomes accessible to the public.

Conclusion

As the U.S. grapples with the increasing presence of EV-D68, parents are urged to remain vigilant and informed about the symptoms and potential risks associated with this virus. The medical community continues to monitor the situation closely and is actively working toward effective solutions to curb its impact on children's health.