The Holy Grail of Battery Technology

Lithium-ion batteries have long been the backbone of electric vehicles (EVs), but they come with significant trade-offs. Automakers face a balancing act: extend range at the cost of price, or speed up charging but risk shorter lifespans. Fortunately, a new contender is on the horizon—solid-state batteries. Once manufactured at scale, these batteries could revolutionize the industry by delivering superior range, safety, durability, and rapid charging, all in smaller packages.

What Are Solid-State Batteries?

Unlike traditional batteries that use liquid electrolytes, solid-state batteries rely on solid materials to facilitate charging cycles. This transition represents a significant technological leap, as solid materials promise better performance. However, mass production remains challenging due to defect risks. Even as companies strive to overcome these hurdles, estimates suggest that solid-state batteries may constitute only 10% of global EV demand by 2035.

Semi-Solid-State Batteries: An Emerging Alternative

While the industry looks to solid-state batteries, semi-solid-state batteries have started to gain traction. These utilize a gel-based electrolyte and have already started appearing in the market, particularly in China. With substantial investments in this technology, companies like Nio and SAIC Motors are leading the charge, making it feasible for buyers to access these innovations now.

A Closer Look: EVs Powered by Solid-State and Semi-Solid-State Batteries

Let’s explore some electric vehicles that are now equipped with—or are set to feature—these exciting new battery technologies.

1. Nio ET7/ET5

**Battery Type:** Semi-solid-state **Energy Density:** 360 Wh/kg **Claimed Range:** 652 miles (1,050 km)

In late 2023, Nio’s CEO showcased the ET7 by achieving 648 miles on a single charge in real-world conditions. This model boasts a 150 kWh semi-solid-state battery available for rent.

2. IM Motors L6

**Battery Type:** Semi-solid-state **Range:** 620+ miles (1,000 km)

As a luxury offering from SAIC Motors, the IM L6 threatens to rival the Tesla Model 3 with its impressive semi-solid-state technology, enabling rapid charging and exceptional range.

3. MG4

**Battery Type:** Semi-solid-state **Energy Density:** 180 Wh/kg

This British brand is launching an affordable mass-market EV that minimally utilizes liquid electrolytes—an industry first.

4. Mercedes-Benz EQS (Demo)

**Battery Type:** Semi-solid-state **Range:** 620 miles (WLTP)

A prototype EQS with a semi-solid-state battery demonstrates a remarkable increase in range without adding weight, aiming for mass production by the end of the decade.

5. BMW i7 (Demo)

**Battery Type:** All-solid-state **Energy Density:** 390 Wh/kg

BMW has initiated testing on its i7 prototype, expected to also incorporate solid-state technology from the innovative firm Solid Power.

Automakers Preparing for Solid-State Technology

Several major players are also diving into solid-state technology, each with unique timelines and aspirations. Notable companies include:

- **Rimac:** Developing groundbreaking solid-state tech for use in performance hybrids by late 2027.

- **Toyota:** Plans for mass production expecting solid-state offerings in hybrids by 2027-2028.

- **Honda:** Testing all-solid-state batteries, aiming for significant reductions in size and cost by the end of the decade.

- **Volkswagen:** Partnering with QuantumScape, with a focus on increasing EV range dramatically.

- **Nissan & BYD:** Each targeting breakthroughs in solid-state innovation, aiming for market debut by the end of the current decade.

The Road Ahead

Electric vehicles with innovative battery technologies are reshaping the automotive landscape. While solid-state batteries still face hurdles before they can be widely implemented, the ongoing advancements signal a promising future. Stay tuned as more automakers enter this electrifying race!