Understanding Avian Influenza

Avian influenza is a viral infection primarily affecting birds, caused by Type A influenza viruses and categorized into two main types: Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI). HPAI poses a significant risk, leading to severe illness and high mortality rates among birds, while LPAI often remains mild or asymptomatic.

Since 2022, a global surge in HPAI cases has devastated bird populations, including wild and domestic species, raising urgent concerns over disease transmission through contaminated environments and direct contact with infected birds.

Current Situation in B.C.

Wildlife Impact

In British Columbia, HPAI has severely affected wild bird populations, greatly impacting aquatic species such as ducks, geese, and gulls. These birds serve as natural reservoirs for avian viruses, leading to alarming death rates and potential outbreaks in other wildlife, including mammals like foxes and raccoons. Symptoms in wild birds include lethargy, respiratory distress, and sudden death, while mammals may exhibit neurological symptoms, tremors, and seizures.

Farmed Animals for Concern

The poultry sector has recently faced renewed HPAI outbreaks reminiscent of those in 2004, with infections occurring largely due to contact with infected wild birds or contaminated resources. Symptoms in poultry include reduced egg production and increased mortality rates. While HPAI has not yet been detected in farmed cattle in Canada, reports from other nations highlight the sporadic reach of the virus across species. Depressingly, infected birds are often euthanized to control outbreaks and mitigate the suffering within animal populations.

Companion Animals: A Hidden Risk?

Though there are currently no documented HPAI infections in cats or dogs in B.C., other countries have reported cases linked to contact with poultry or raw animal products. Symptoms in these companion animals often mirror those seen in avian infections, presenting neurological and respiratory issues.

Human Cases and Health Precautions

The risk of transmission to humans is real, with B.C. reporting its first human case of avian influenza in November 2024. Humans typically contract the virus after close interaction with infected birds or contaminated environments. Symptoms range from fever and headaches to respiratory discomfort, emphasizing the need for awareness and caution.

Protecting Birds, Pets, and Yourself

To minimize risks of HPAI, experts recommend not feeding wild aquatic birds, maintaining hygiene in bird feeders, and avoiding direct exposure to wild birds. For pet owners, it is advisable to skip raw food diets that involve poultry and to ensure thorough disinfection after visiting areas with large bird populations.

If you suspect any signs of HPAI in wildlife, pets, or even yourself, immediate reporting is crucial. The swift communication of potential cases helps prevent further spread and enables health authorities to intervene effectively.

Reporting and Resources

Suspected cases of HPAI in animals or humans should be reported to respective health authorities promptly. For domestic animals, contact the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, while wild birds and mammals should be reported to wildlife health programs. Resources such as the B.C. Wildlife Health Program and the Public Health Agency of Canada provide further guidance on safety measures and reporting procedures.

As the situation evolves, staying informed and vigilant is our collective responsibility to protect wildlife, pets, and ourselves from the dangers of HPAI.