Population Resurgence on Coquet Island

In a heartening turn of events, wildlife conservationists are celebrating a resurgence in the population of roseate terns, one of the UK's rarest breeding seabirds, on Coquet Island, nestled off the Northumberland coast. The roseate tern population had suffered significant declines due to the devastating impacts of avian influenza over the past two years, but hope is rising as 191 chicks successfully hatched this season, with an impressive 92% fledging rate.

A Vital Habitat

Coquet Island serves as the last bastion for roseate terns in the UK and is a protected area under both international and UK law. The island is also home to other seabirds, including puffins, razorbills, and various tern species, making it a vital habitat for marine wildlife.

Record Breeding Season

This breeding season has been particularly noteworthy; with an average of 1.39 fledged chicks per nest recorded from 126 breeding pairs, this year's statistics stand as the second highest in the island's history—only surpassed in 2017. Conservationists are cautiously optimistic, though experts at the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) advise that it is too early to declare a definitive recovery from avian influenza, which remains a looming threat.

Expert Insights

Stephen Westerberg, the RSPB Northumberland coast site manager, expressed his cautious optimism, citing the successful breeding season as a beacon of hope but emphasizing the unknowns ahead: “Understanding that these elegant birds have prospered despite the hardships of bird flu brings encouragement, but vigilance is essential.”

The Impact of Avian Influenza

The previous years have seen drastic declines; a RSPB survey from 2023 indicated a 21% drop in the roseate tern population since the onset of avian influenza. Migratory seabirds, like terns, are particularly vulnerable to diseases due to their breeding habits and dense colonies, which promote the rapid spread of pathogens.

Global Context

Globally, avian influenza has wrought havoc since it was first identified in domestic waterfowl in China in 1996, spreading to wild bird species across continents. The consequences have been especially dire for seabirds, which are also experiencing a higher susceptibility to mass die-offs.

Looking Ahead

While all seabirds have currently migrated from Coquet Island for the winter, conservationists are hopeful for their return come spring 2024. This past year, the number of returning roseate terns was lower than expected, but there is optimism that the influx might rebound next season. Should enough individuals develop immunity against avian influenza, there is potential for flock immunity to emerge, aiding in the prevention of future outbreaks.

Urgent Need for Action

Despite positive findings, the path to recovery for seabird populations will require urgent action. Thanks to Stephen Westerberg's advocacy, calls are growing for UK governmental action to address the myriad threats posing risks to seabird species, pushing for effective conservation strategies that could ensure a healthier ecosystem for these vulnerable birds.

Coquet Island’s Biodiversity

In total, Coquet Island has provided sanctuary to 28 bird species in 2024, including an impressive seven species of ducks. Remarkably, one returning roseate tern, aged 13, has traveled over 84,000 miles on its migratory journey—approximately three times around the globe.

Conclusion

The story of the roseate tern is one of resilience and hope, shining a light on the vital importance of conservation efforts in combating threats posed by disease and environmental change. As we look to the future, we must stand united in the fight to protect these majestic seabirds and their fragile habitats.